docs: add developer-workflow.org and language examples

Complete workflow guide for Perl, Python, Go, Ansible, Terraform, Podman.
Includes working example files in examples/ directory.

examples/perl/example.pl

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+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+# example.pl — Demonstrates core Perl features for Doom Emacs workflow.
+# Navigate: C-M-a/e (sub boundaries), SPC s i (imenu), gd (definition)
+# Format:   SPC m f (perltidy), Run: SPC m r, Debug: SPC m d
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw(croak);
+
+# --- Subroutine with documentation ---
+
+=head2 parse_config($filename)
+
+Reads a simple key=value config file. Returns a hashref.
+
+=cut
+
+sub parse_config {
+    my ($filename) = @_;
+    croak "Filename required" unless defined $filename;
+
+    my %config;
+    open my $fh, '<', $filename
+        or die "Cannot open '$filename': $!\n";
+
+    while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+        chomp $line;
+        next if $line =~ /^\s*(?:#|$)/;    # skip comments and blanks
+        if ($line =~ /^(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)$/) {
+            $config{$1} = $2;
+        }
+    }
+    close $fh;
+    return \%config;
+}
+
+# --- Array, hash, references ---
+
+my @languages = qw(Perl Python Go);
+my %scores    = (Perl => 95, Python => 90, Go => 88);
+
+my $lang_ref  = \@languages;
+my $score_ref = \%scores;
+
+printf "Languages: %s\n", join(', ', @{$lang_ref});
+printf "Perl score: %d\n", $score_ref->{Perl};
+
+# --- Regex demo ---
+
+my $text = 'Error: connection refused at 2024-01-15 10:30:00';
+if ($text =~ /^(Error|Warning):\s+(.+?)\s+at\s+(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2})/) {
+    printf "Level: %s, Message: %s, Date: %s\n", $1, $2, $3;
+}
+
+# --- Error handling with eval/die ---
+
+eval {
+    my $cfg = parse_config('/tmp/nonexistent.cfg');
+    print "Loaded config\n";
+};
+if ($@) {
+    warn "Caught error: $@";
+}
+
+print "Done.\n";