docs: add developer-workflow.org and language examples

Complete workflow guide for Perl, Python, Go, Ansible, Terraform, Podman.
Includes working example files in examples/ directory.

examples/go/main.go

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+// main.go — Demonstrates core Go features for Doom Emacs workflow.
+//
+// Navigate: C-M-a/e (function boundaries), SPC s i (imenu), gd (definition)
+// Format:   SPC m f (goimports), Run: SPC m r, Test: SPC m t, Build: SPC m b
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Task represents a work item with priority.
+type Task struct {
+	Title    string
+	Priority int
+	Done     bool
+}
+
+// Summary returns a human-readable one-line description.
+func (t *Task) Summary() string {
+	status := "TODO"
+	if t.Done {
+		status = "DONE"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[%s] %s (p%d)", status, t.Title, t.Priority)
+}
+
+// MarkDone marks the task as completed.
+func (t *Task) MarkDone() {
+	t.Done = true
+}
+
+// filterByPriority returns undone tasks with priority >= minPriority.
+func filterByPriority(tasks []*Task, minPriority int) []*Task {
+	var result []*Task
+	for _, t := range tasks {
+		if !t.Done && t.Priority >= minPriority {
+			result = append(result, t)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// countWords demonstrates a goroutine + channel pattern.
+// It counts words in each input string concurrently.
+func countWords(inputs []string) map[string]int {
+	type result struct {
+		input string
+		count int
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan result, len(inputs))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	for _, s := range inputs {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(text string) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			// Simulate work
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			ch <- result{input: text, count: len(strings.Fields(text))}
+		}(s)
+	}
+
+	// Close channel after all goroutines finish
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(ch)
+	}()
+
+	counts := make(map[string]int)
+	for r := range ch {
+		counts[r.input] = r.count
+	}
+	return counts
+}
+
+func main() {
+	tasks := []*Task{
+		{Title: "Write tests", Priority: 2},
+		{Title: "Update docs", Priority: 1},
+		{Title: "Deploy v2", Priority: 2},
+	}
+
+	tasks[0].MarkDone()
+
+	fmt.Println("Open tasks (priority >= 2):")
+	for _, t := range filterByPriority(tasks, 2) {
+		fmt.Println(" ", t.Summary())
+	}
+
+	// Goroutine demo
+	sentences := []string{
+		"Go is a compiled language",
+		"Goroutines are lightweight threads",
+		"Channels enable safe communication",
+	}
+	counts := countWords(sentences)
+	fmt.Println("\nWord counts:")
+	for s, c := range counts {
+		fmt.Printf("  %q → %d words\n", s, c)
+	}
+}